The Tragedy of Leila in Bone Essays -- Bone Essays

The Tragedy of Leila in Bone      Ã‚  Ã‚   How much responsibility should any child have over their family? In "Bone," by Fae Myenne Ng, a character named Leila is born the daughter of a loving mother, Mah, and a run-out-on-the-family father whom cursed Leila with a last name Fu. As Leila said herself, "Fu in our dialect sounds like the word for bitter" (18). She became the oldest with two other sisters, Ona and Nina, whom both came from Mah's second husband, Leon. Leon loves his biological daughters like a true father should; meanwhile, Leon also loves Leila, his daughter only by marriage to Mah. Leon expresses how much he loves his daughters by saying "Five sons don't make one good daughter" (3), causing a scene in front of people who think that he is unlucky for not being blessed with a single son.    At a very young age Leila was forced to be the sister-in-charge and make decisions that a young girl twice her age would not normally be expected to produce. Mah began working as a seamstress before the girls would wake up, and continue working until after they would fall asle...

Brucellosis

Brucellosis, commonly known as Bangs disease, comes from the genus Brucella. Brucella is a highly contagious zoonosis contracted by the ingestion of unsterilized milk or meat products that are infected. It can also be contracted by the close contact with the animal secretions. Human to human transmission is rare but yet still possible by means of sexual contact or mother to child. Brucella is a small, gram-negative microbe that is non-motile and has non-spore forming rods. It functions as a facultative intercellular parasite that causes chronic disease and will usually persists for life.Human symptoms are recognized by profuse sweating and muscle and joint pain. Brucellosis has been recognized in animals and humans since the 19th century. Brucellosis, when first discovered, went by the name of Malta fever. It first came to the attention of British medical officers in Malta during the Crimean war in the mid 1850’s. The relationship between organisms and the disease was first es tablished in 1887 by Dr David Bruce. In 1897, Danish veterinarian Bernhard Bang isolated Brucella abortus as the agent â€Å"Bangs disease†.Maltese doctor and archeologist Sir Themistocles Zammit earned his knighthood for recognizing unpasteurized milk as the major source of the pathogen in 1905. The species of the Brucella, Brucella abortus, is the main cause of brucellosis in cattle and bison. The bacteria are shed from an animal around the time of calving or pregnancy. Once exposed, the likelihood the animal becoming infected is variable depending on age, pregnancy status, and the amount of bacteria the animal was exposed to. The most common signs in animals are incidences of abortion, arthritic joints, and retained afterbirth.There are primarily two main causes of abortion in animals. One is due to the build up of erythritol which promotes infections in the fetus and the placenta. The second is due to lack of anti-brucella activity in the amniotic fluid during pregnancy. Males can harbor the bacteria in reproductive tracts like the testicles, epididymides, and seminal vesicles. Dairy herds in the US are tested at least once a year with a Brucella milk ring test (BRT). Cows that are found to be infected are often killed and disposed of. US veterinarians are required to vaccinate calves, thereby reducing the chance of zoonotic transmission.This is referred to as a â€Å"calfhood† vaccination. Most cattle will receive a tattoo in the ear after receiving the vaccination. Canada declared their entire cattle herd brucellosis free on September 19th, 1985. Ring tested ended shortly after in April of 1999 but monitoring still continues in auction markets. The first US state-federal cooperative efforts toward eradication of brucellosis were put into effect in 1934. Brucellosis has infected Ireland for decades. Farmers and veterinarians were bothered by the disease from the interaction with the livestock.Ireland was declared free of the disease on July 1, 2009. Brendan Smith, Minister of Irelands agriculture, fisheries and food, quoted that the elimination of the disease from the country was â€Å"a landmark in the history of disease eradication in Ireland† Outbreaks of Brucella abortus and BSE in cattle, Cork RVL, 1990-2003. Along with livestock, dogs can also be infected by the genus Brucella. The species that affects dogs is Brucella canis. The disease is transmitted to other dogs though breeding and contact with aborted fetuses.The bacteria can harbor in the dogs genitals and lymphatic system and may also spread to the eyes, kidneys, and intervertebral discs. Systems in dogs consist of abortions in females and males show signs of scrotal inflammation and orchitis (inflammation of the testicles. One of the last remaining controversial hot spots for brucellosis is Yellowstone National Park in Montana and Wyoming. The bison and elk that roam free in and around Yellowstone are said to be the last remaining reservoirs for br ucellosis. A recent transmission from elk into cattle was recently reported in Idaho and Wyoming.Cattle, elk, and bison keep a fairly spacious distance from each other let alone interbreed with each other. So how did the disease spread in between the three different species? Yellowstone biologists observed that the disease was being spread by sharing the same foliage in a given area. An infected ungulate would come by, forage on the grasses and shrubs, and leave behind a layer of saliva and mucous on the uneaten plants. The next animal would come by and feed on the same grasses and shrubs and contract the disease through close contact.Although the disease would be ingested, the biologists believe that the disease what not acquired through the GI tract linings. Instead they believe the disease is absorbed into the body through the epithelial layers of the inner nasal canal and nasopharynx. With the animals nostrils being close to the plants while eating, it would be easy for the anim al to inhale some of the existing mucous from the other animals into their own nasal canal. The current controversy about the brucellosis spread is issue with the bison and elk from the Yellowstone herds possibly infecting the surrounding areas cattle herds.Ranchers pay up-words of 13 to 15 dollars per cow, twice a year to vaccinate for the brucellosis disease. They are required to vaccinate their entire herd before the herd goes to summer pasture and after they return. Some ranchers pay up to $20,000 every year for the brucellosis vaccines alone. This being said, the controversy isn’t the pay out for the vaccines every year, but because of the issue with the conservation of the bison and elk herds. The herds are usually situated on public lands and therefore are managed by the state and federal governments through hunting.This management is believed by some to not be effective enough to eliminate the chance of brucellosis transmission within herds. Along with cattle and othe r livestock being infected, there comes the possibility of transmission from the livestock to humans. The infection in humans is usually caused by the consumption of unpasteurized milk and cheeses that are made from the milk of and infected animal. Cattle are the biggest concern being the main source of meat and dairy products, but other livestock can also pass the disease. One particular are goats.Goats are commonly infected with the species Brucella melitensis. This disease is also passed by the consumption of the meats, milk, and cheeses consumed from this animal. Occupational exposure is a risk to lab workers, veterinarians, stockyard employees, and slaughterhouse workers. Some of the vaccines used for the livestock may also cause the disease in humans if accidentally injected. Once infected with the disease, it can induce inconstant fevers, profuse sweating, weakness, anemia, headaches, depression, and muscular, joint, and bodily pain.The duration of the disease can vary from a single week up to months and in some cases, years. The first stage is when septicemia occurs; this is followed by a triad of fevers, sweating, and migratory arthralgia and myalgia. If the disease goes untreated it may cause focalizations and become chronic. The focalization of the disease regularly occurs in the bones and joints and spondylodiscitis of the lumbar spine may occur. References: McLean DR, Russell N, Khan MY (October 1992). â€Å"Neurobrucellosis: clinical and therapeutic features†.Clin. Infect. Dis. (4): 582–90 Radostits, O. M. , C. C. Gay, D. C. Blood, and K. W. Hinchcliff. 2000. Veterinary Medicine, A textbook of the Diseases of Cattle, Sheep, Pigs, Goats and Horses. Harcourt Publishers Limited, London, pp. 867–882. Wilkinson, Lise (1993). â€Å"†Brucellosis†Ã¢â‚¬ . in Kiple, Kenneth F. (ed. ). The Cambridge World History of Human Disease. Hamilton AV, Hardy AV (March 1950). â€Å"The brucella ring test; its potential value in the control of brucellosis† (PDF). Am J Public Health Nations Health (3): 321–3. Woods, Lt Col Jon B. ed. ) (April 2005) (PDF). USAMRIID’s Medical Management of Biological Casualties Handbook (6th ed. ). Fort Detrick, Maryland: U. S. Army Medical Institute of Infectious Diseases. p. 53 Ettinger, Stephen J. ; Feldman, Edward C. (1995). Textbook of Veterinary Internal Medicine (4th ed. ). W. B. Saunders Company Brucellosis (Brucella abortus) AKA: Bangs Disease Cody Richardson Department of Biology Montana Tech of the University of Montana Date: 4/24/2010 Cody Richardson Montana Tech Butte, MT (406) 461-2544 [email  protected] edu

The New York Times Article Invisible Child From The...

Within the confines of this text I will be exploring the New York Times article invisible child in the shadows Dasani’s homeless life. Dasani’s life will be examined through the lenses of five different theories. The five theories will be, Health and wealth connection theory, cognitive theory, psychoanalytic theory, attachment theory, and relational theory. To be summed up in the end with the conclusion. The Health and wealth connection distilled is our health will most commonly reflect from our amount of wealth. The wealthy can afford the cost of quality care and the time to take care of them selves. Within the textbook, Dimensions of Human Behavior Hutchison writes. Public health experts have long noted the association of poor health outcomes, in all body systems, with low income, low education, unsanitary housing, in adequate healthcare, on stable employment, and unsafe physical environment (Hutchison, 2015). Easily demonstrated throughout American society the rather dubious and is somewhat perplexing phenomenon of the Health-and-Wealth connection theory. The gap between the haves and have-nots are ever expanding. Those who have the funding to pay for resources will pay to get those resources. And those who do not have adequate funding to pay for said resources will unfortunately have to stand in the long lines to receive seemingly, deceptively, scarce resources. Looking at Dasani through the ever changing and expanding theory of the Health-and-Wealth connection. TheShow MoreRelatedThe New York Times Article Invisible Child From The Shadows Dasani s Homeless Life Essay2158 Words   |  9 Pagesthis text will be explored the New York Times article invisible child in the shadows Dasani’s Homeless life. Dasani’s life will be examined through the lenses of five different theories. The five approaches will be, Health and wealth connection theory, cognitive theory, psychoanalytic theory, attachment theory, and relational theory. To be summed up in the end with the conclusion. The Health and Wealth connection distilled is our health will most commonly reflect from our amount of wealth. The wealthy The New York Times Article Invisible Child From The... Within the confines of this text will be explored the New York Times article invisible child in the shadows Dasani’s Homeless life. Dasani’s life will be examined through the lenses of five different theories. The five approaches will be, Health and wealth connection theory, cognitive theory, psychoanalytic theory, attachment theory, and relational theory. To be summed up in the end with the conclusion. The Health and Wealth connection distilled is our health will most commonly reflect from our amount of wealth. The wealthy can afford the cost of quality care and the time to take care of themselves. Within the textbook, Dimensions of Human Behavior Hutchison writes. Public health experts have long noted the association of poor clinical outcomes, in all body systems, with low income, low education, unsanitary housing, poor healthcare, on stable employment, and uncertain physical environment (Hutchison, 2015). Easily demonstrated throughout American society the rather dubious and is a somewhat perplexing phenomenon of the Health-and-Wealth connection theory. The gap between the haves and have-nots are ever expanding. Those who have the funding to pay for resources will pay to get those resources. And those who do not have sufficient funds to pay for said resources will, unfortunately, have to stand in the long lines to receive seemingly, deceptively, scarce resources. Looking at Dasani through the ever changing and expanding the theory of the Health-and-Wealth connection.Show MoreRelatedThe New York Times Article Invisible Child From The Shadows Dasani s Homeless Life Essay2163 Words   |  9 Pagestext I will be exploring the New York Times article invisible child in the shadows Dasani’s homeless life. Dasani’s life will be examined through the lenses of five different theories. The five theories will be, Health and wealth connection theory, cognitive theory, psychoanalytic theory, attachment theory, and relational theory. To be summed up in the end with the conclusion. The Health and wealth connection distilled is our health will most commonly reflect from our amount of wealth. The wealthy

Dreams of Escape in The Glass Menagerie by Tennessee...

In The Glass Menagerie, Tennessee Williams presents us with four characters whose lives seem to consist in avoiding reality more than facing it. Amanda lives her life through her children and clings to her lost youthfulness. Tom retreats into movie theaters and into his dream of joining the merchant seamen and some day becoming a published poet. Laura resorts to her Victrola and collection of glass ornaments to help sustain her world of fantasy. Finally, Jim is only able to find some relief in his glorified old memories. This essay will examine how Amanda, Tom, Laura and Jim attempt to escape from the real world through their dreams. Amanda was abandoned by her husband and now must take care of her two children, Tom and Laura.†¦show more content†¦On this occasion, she is dressed in the same girlish frock she wore on the day she met the childrens father, attempting to conceal her shabby present and recapture part of the elegance she associates with her giddy days of entertaining many gentleman callers. Bewildered by her immediate surroundings and unable to cope with the social and economic reality of the Depression days, Amanda is often obsessed with her past as the genteel southern belle dominated by refined social gatherings and elegant living conditions, reminiscing about her own experiences with men in Blue Mountain: One Sunday afternoon in Blue Mountain - your mother received - seventeen! - gentleman callers!... (Williams 16). Attempting to materialize her southern belle past, she even makes constant insistence on Lauras having gentleman callers. 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Manage Finance - 2083 Words

ASSESSMENT 1: STRUCTURED ACTIVITES Activity 1 Objective To provide you with an opportunity to identify and interpret the range of financial information and reports required for the organization to monitor business performance. Activity Answer the following questions, giving as much detail/explanation as you can to support your answer: (a.) What reports are used at your company to monitor business performance? At the restaurant where I work at, a few different types of reports are used to monitor the business performance such as: account summaries and balances, balance sheets, bank statements, banking summaries and business activity statements. (b.) What are they used for? Financial reports are used to keep track of the†¦show more content†¦What are the benefits of this system? The benefits would be keeping track of the business operation and being able to fix issues or recognise successful employees. What are the drawbacks of this system? 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Honor And Dueling Argumentative Essay Example For Students

Honor And Dueling Argumentative Essay Honor And DuelingHonor And DuelingA duel was a prearranged combat with lethal weapons between two people,usually taking place under formal arrangements. Each side had a witness, calledseconds. The usual cause of a duel is an insult given by one person to the other orover a question of honor. The challenged person has the right to set the place, time,and weapons. Duels have generally been fought early in the morning in secludedplaces. (Encarta Duel)Dueling to avenge ones honor has never been legal, dueling has been markedby laws opposing it. The practice became popular in Europe after the famouschallenge between King Charles V of Spain and Francis I of France. When war wasdeclared on Spain in 1528 by Francis, he annulled the treaty between the twocountries, Francis was challenged to a duel after being accused of ungentlemanlyconduct by the Spanish ruler. The duel never did take place because makingarrangements was to difficult, but this incident influenced the manners of Europeansso t hat gentlemen everywhere thought they were entitled to avenge slights on theirhonor by having similar challenges. (Encarta Duel)Duels involving honor were so prevalent in France that Charles IX issued anordinance in 1566 that was death to anyone participating in a duel. This became amodel for later edicts against dueling. Dueling however did survive longer thanmonarchy in France. Dueling became a technique for resolving political disputes. (Britannica Duel) The duel was intensely popular in England, during Restoration. Legislation during the 17th century had little effect on suppressing the practice. TheEnglish Common Law declares that killing in a duel to be held as murder, but juriesrarely convicted in cases of dueling until the custom had ceased to be popular duringthe reign of Queen Victoria. (Encarta Duel)The earliest form of dueling was the judicial duel or trial by battle. Thejudicial duel was established because solemn affirmation, or swearing of oaths, inlegal arguments had led to extensive perjury and the ordeal has too much of a chanceof being manipulated by the priests. If one man declares before a judge that hisopponent was guilty of a crime and the accused said that his accuser is lying, thejudge would order the two to meet in a duel. The judge then stipulated the conditionsas to the place, time, and weapons. The combatants had to guarantee theirparticipation by throwing down a gauntlet and his opponent accepted by picking itup. It was believed in such a situation that the right could not be beaten and theloser, if still alive would be dealt with by the law this was thought to be thejudgement of God and could not be wrong. This form of trial was open to all freemen and sometimes serfs. Women, church clergy, the sick, and men under 20 or over60 could claim exemption. In some cases persons under trial could appointchampions to fight for them, but the person on trial as well as his defeatedchampion were both subject to legal punishment. (Britannica Duel)The rapier was introduced to Italy in the 16th century, the rapier was a long,thin, lightweight sword, was held one hand, in the other was a dagger, and later afolded cloak which replaced the shield. The use of the rapier spread throughoutEurope as the Italian fencing technique. In England and France, the shape and size ofthe rapier were constantly being modified because of its weight and length made itclumsy to carry around. (Encarta Fencing) When the rapier came to England notall Englishmen adapted well to this so uthern European innovation. The rapier wasonce criticized for its slender, easily broken blade, its large hilt and great lengthwhich made it difficult to draw. The term rapier is unclear as to where itoriginated it could be ascribed to the German word rappen, to tear; the Spanishword raspar, to scratch. (Bull 96)Works CitedDuel. Britannica.com Encyclopaedia BritannicaMicrosoft Works for Windows 98 (1999). Computer program. WA: Microsoft Bull, Stephen. An Historical Guide To Arms And Armor. Ed. Tony North. New York:Facts On File, 1991.Words/ Pages : 651 / 24

Infantile Amenisia Essays - Memory, Mental Processes,

Infantile Amenisia Our brains are constantly at work processing and retrieving information. However, we become frustrated when we cannot readily retrieve information that we have stored in our brains. The inability to remember can occur for a number of reasons that range from simple forgetting to phenomena like Infantile Amnesia. Infantile Amnesia is described as an adult's inability to remember events before the age of two or three. This phenomena has proven difficult to test because your ?memory is in a constant state of reconstruction?, (Rupp, 1998, p. 171). That is your memories are influenced by past events, and current perceptions about yourself. Therefore, you may remember events only in a way that it is congruent with your current perceptions of yourself, and current relationships. Rupp illustrated this: ?Grown children who clash with their parents may find memories of childhood plastered over with new impressions the past becomes gloomier and more dismal; recollections of past injustices loom large.? (Rupp, 1998, p.172) Hindsight bias is also a factor in both adult and childhood memories. Hindsight bias occurs when our memory of how certain we were about the accuracy of an event is altered. If an event is recounted that is similar to the memory that we have we tend to become more confident remembering events in a much more positive light. If our memory is found to be false, we quickly remember ourselves as being cautiously doubtful about the event in the first place. Therefore, it is clear that our memories are quite susceptible to error. Sigmund Freud, father of the psychoanalytic school of thought had a different interpretation. Freud contended that it was necessary to repress early childhood memories. This necessity stemmed out of the need to repress anxiety-producing sexual and aggressive memories related to a child's parent or parents. Freud thought that repression of these memories was essential to developing a healthy sex life as an adult. Though Freud's theories are widely accepted increasingly, contemporary psychologists are veering away from this theory. Memory is defined as the process by which information is encoded, stored and retrieved. This process is central to learning and thinking. There are three types of memory storage systems: sensory memory, short-term memory, and long-term memory. Sensory memory is the initial storage of information that may last for only an instant. Short-term memory holds information for 15 to 25 seconds. Long-term memory occurs when we store information permanently. Therefore, many of our memories about our childhood are stored there. It is not that newborns are incapable of remembering things but the way that they remember. The brains of newborns are,? predisposed to retain certain kinds of information ? often information related to survival and mastering the environment.? (Sroufe, Cooper and Dehart, 1996). In addition, babies are only able to store fewer pieces of information about events and experiences. At this early stage in life, they are unable to organize and store information in a manner that would allow them to retrieve it readily later in life. Piaget believed that,? babies' memories are sensory motor in nature not true representations.? (Sroufe, Cooper and Dehart, 1996). Psychologists have continually tried to find methods to understand the phenomena of infantile amnesia. Studies have been conducted using the birth of a sibling as a reference point for discerning exactly what people can remember from that period. College students and children aged four, six, eight and twelve were asked to recall the birth of a sibling when they were between the ages three and eleven. Researchers asked question like ?Who took care of you while your mother was in the hospital?' ?Did the baby receive presents?' ?Did you receive presents?' Then their mothers were asked the same questions. The study found that children who were under the age of three at the time of the birth remember virtually nothing. The inability to remember events in early childhood is not necessarily a bad thing. Actually, it may be useful particularly for people who have suffered severe trauma during their childhood. It prevents them from reliving these traumatic events, and causing undue anxiety that may impair their adult lives. While I am not in complete agreement with Freud theory on infantile amnesia, I believe that it may serve